What are some common pests and diseases in organic gardening?

In organic gardening, common pests and diseases can pose challenges, but they can be managed through natural methods. Some prevalent pests include aphids, snails, slugs, and caterpillars. These can be controlled by using companion planting, introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs or lacewings, or employing organic insecticides such as neem oil or insecticidal soaps. Diseases like powdery mildew, black spot, and bacterial blights can affect plants. To combat these, maintaining good airflow through pruning and proper spacing, avoiding overhead watering, and applying organic fungicides such as copper-based or sulfur-based sprays can be effective. Additionally, proper soil health, crop rotation, and regular plant inspections are crucial in preventing and managing both pests and diseases in organic gardening.